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Research

Dr Annette Bowen
PhD - Charles Sturt University

School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences 

With qualifications in Physiotherapy and Veterinary Physiotherapy, I enjoy helping horses and riders to move well. Physiotherapists predominantly deal with cases of movement dysfunction rather than overt lameness. What constitutes 'moving well' is subjective. Through my PhD research I developed a field-based outcome measure for equine physiotherapy and rehabilitation, that focuses on quality of movement and assists practitioners to monitor and improve treatment efficacy. 

This research involved several stages and studies. To choose the movements to include in the new outcome measure equine clinicians were surveyed - you can read all about it in the journal Animals: 

   Visually Assessing Equine Quality of Movement: A Survey to Identify Key Movement and Patient-Specific Measures

   Annette G. Bowen; Gillian Tabor; Raphael Labens; Hayley Randle.

   Animals 2023, Volume 13, Issue 18, 2822   https://www.mdpi.com/2467242

 

We then used a Delphi process (repeated surveys of an expert panel) to create a scoring system and directives to guide scoring. Discussion groups suggested further improvements such as ways to standardise the movements transforming them into movement tests. The outcome measure was then pilot tested resulting in several refinements for ease of use. This became the Equine Quality of Movement Score (EQoMS for short) consisting of 30 standardised in-hand movement tests, that can be scored and commented on - you can read all about it in the open access Journal of Equine Rehabilitation.

   Development of a grading system for visually assessing equine quality of movement. Bowen, A. G., Tabor, G., Labens, R., & 

   Randle, H. (2025). Journal of Equine Rehabilitation, 3, 100024. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100024 

The survey and Delphi study were also featured in Four Front, the magazine of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Animal Therapy, pages 27,28,29. 

A reliabilty study was then conducted inconjunction with collecting some instrumented gait analysis data to assess validity. The EQoMS was found to have excellent intra-rater reliability meaning it can be used by a single clinician. When it came to inter-rater reliability there is further work to be done, while the group of 6 experts agreed on the ranking of the horses relative to each other the absolute scores for each horse differed considerably. This is not unusual as assessing movement is subjective and each individual places different value on specific features. It would be useful to conduct further discussion groups to help move towards concensus. - You can read the full results of the reliability study in the open access Journal of Equine Rehab.

   The Equine Quality of Movement Score: How reliable is it? Bowen, A. G., Tabor, G., Labens, R., Douglas, M., & Randle, H. (2025).

   Journal of Equine Rehabilitation, 3, 100023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100023 

If you would like to upskill your ability to assess quality of movement you can sign up to the Equine Quality of Movement Score online training program here, it includes detailed explanations of the terminology and movement tests, practice videos with benchmark scores and comments from the experts and the EQoMS Assessment Form ready for use as a PDF and other templates. 

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2015 Masters ​

  • My masters research project investigated girthy behaviour in horses and the presence of myofascial trigger points in their pectoral muscles. 

Highlights:

- Myofascial trigger points are common in the transverse and posterior pectoral muscles.

- Horses with an owner-reported history of girth-aversion behaviour had more reactive myofascial trigger points on palpation.

- Knowledge of the presence and location of myofascial trigger points will assist in the development of prevention and management strategies.

 

​Watch this short video summary on my Youtube channel.

Where I take you through my research project and discuss some options for reducing

girthy behaviour in your horse.

If you are interested in reading the full journal article please email me.

 

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Citations of my research paper by:

 

- Esther Millares & Sarah S. Le Jeune in Girthiness: Retrospective Study of 37 Horses (2004–2016) Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 79(August 2019):100-104

DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.05.025

 

- Sandra Kunhne in Horse's laterality: methods of determination, genetic aspects, interaction with human handedness and the influence on horse-rider communication, horse's muscle status, sport success and risk of injury. May 2020 Thesis.

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19216.02564

 

- Maria Calatayud & Maria Resano in Myopain seminars, Equine Dry Needling Courses.

- Nadia Yuri Shimosaka Sato, Bárbara Buff Blumer Bastos, Marco Aurélio Amador Pereira, Karina D’Angelo Campos & Denise Tabacchi Fantoni in Myofascial Pain Syndrome, myofascial trigger points and trigger points in Veterinary Medicine. July 2020, Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci. DOI: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2020.164351

- Sue Dyson, Anne Bondi, J. Routh, D. Pollard & J. H. Kydd in An investigation of behaviour during tacking‐up and mounting in ridden sports and leisure horses Jan 2021, Equine Veterinary Education. DOI: 10.1111/eve.13432

 

- Sue Dyson, Anne Bondi, J. Routh & D. Pollard in An investigation into the relationship between equine behaviour when tacked‐up and mounted and epaxial muscle hypertonicity or pain, girth region hypersensitivity, saddle‐fit, rider position and balance, and lameness Feb 2021, Equine Veterinary Education. DOI: 10.1111/eve.13440

 

- Sue Dyson & K. Thomson in The recognition of pain and learned behaviour in horses which buck Mar 2021, Equine Veterinary Education. DOI: 10.1111/eve.13466

 

- Sue Dyson, Anne Bondi, J. Routh, D. Pollard & J. Kydd in Do owners recognise abnormal equine behaviour when tacking‐up and mounting? A comparison between responses to a questionnaire and real‐time observations Mar 2021, Equine Veterinary Education. DOI: 10.1111/eve.13471

- Kevin Haussler in Integrative Medicine in Equine Practice. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2022 Dec;38(3):445-453. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2022.06.003. Epub 2022 Oct 13. PMID: 36244935.

- Resano-Zuazu, María & Carmona, Jorge & Argüelles, David. (2025). Short-Term Impact of Dry Needling Treatment for Myofascial Pain on Equine Biomechanics Through Artificial Intelligence-Based Gait Analysis. Animals. 15. 1517. 10.3390/ani15111517. 

- Portier, Karine & Schiesari, Camilla & Gauthier, Lisa & Yeng, Lin & Fantoni, Denise & Formenton, Maira. (2025). Comparison of the Prevalence and Location of Trigger Points in Dressage and Show-Jumping Horses. Animals. 15. 1558. 10.3390/ani15111558. 

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